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The early modern period is a key historical era for the standardisation of languages in Europe, in which orthographies played an important role. This book traces the development of European spelling systems in the early modern era, and is unique in bringing together several strands of historical research, across a diverse range of Germanic, Romance and Slavic languages, including Polish, German, French, Spanish, Lithuanian, Czech, Croatian and English. Whilst each chapter includes a case study on a particular language or script, the volume in general follows a broad thread of discussion based on models and methods relevant to many languages, showing how empirical approaches can be applied across languages to enrich the field of historical orthography as a whole. The first volume to diachronically explore the standardization of spelling systems from a cross-linguistic perspective, this is an invaluable resource for specialists and those interested in historical European studies more broadly.

Writing --- Language and languages --- Orthography --- Spelling --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- History --- Orthography and spelling. --- Spelling reform

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"A book about writing and its shadow side. It examines a number of practices, from the early 20th century to the present day, in which writing leaves behind its communicative function and moves toward the sphere of the illegible and unspeakable. Writing by Drawing sets out to explore the tension inherent in script, the way it hovers between the genuinely semantic realm and the uncharted territory of mere arabesques, automatisms, repeated marks, and scribbles. All of the works presented inhabit a special terrain vague in which the act of writing is more about "trying to say" than "saying" itself, more about potentialities of meaning than about signification. Such writing has transcended communication, becoming a trace of existence and affirmation of self but also an element of fancy, a metaphor for the mysterious weft of the world. Our investigation centers on this ancient human impulse to move past the communicative side of writing toward the unfettered, absolute reclamation of the mark, with its wealth of imaginative possibilities." -- Publisher's description

Writing --- kunst --- tekenkunst --- 7.036/039 --- eenentwintigste eeuw --- twintigste eeuw --- art brut --- schriftuur --- schrift --- kunst en beeld --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Exhibitions --- 7.049 --- 741.04 --- Handschrift; krabbels; geheimschrift --- Iconografie ; verschillende onderwerpen --- Tekenkunst ; iconografie

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The Mediterranean's Iron Age period was one of its most dynamic eras. Stimulated by the movement of individuals and groups on an unprecedented scale, the first half of the first millennium BCE witnesses the development of Mediterranean-wide practices, including related writing systems, common features of urbanism, and shared artistic styles and techniques, alongside the evolution of wide-scale trade. Together, these created an engaged, interlinked and interactive Mediterranean. We can recognise this as the Mediterranean's first truly globalising era. This volume introduces students and scholars to contemporary evidence and theories surrounding the Mediterranean from the eleventh century until the end of the seventh century BCE to enable an integrated understanding of the multicultural and socially complex nature of this incredibly vibrant period.

Urbanization --- Writing --- Iron age --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Cities and towns, Movement to --- Urban development --- Urban systems --- Cities and towns --- Social history --- Sociology, Rural --- Sociology, Urban --- Urban policy --- Rural-urban migration --- Civilization --- History --- Mediterranean Region --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region --- Antiquities. --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic conditions.

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“This edited book is a great addition to ELT research on feedback in L2 English writing in the Arab World. It is a must read for researchers investigating perceptions and practices of writing feedback.” Sabhi Hidri, Founder of Tunisia TESOL, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Tunis, Tunisia. This edited book uses case studies to offer a comprehensive picture of the feedback practices and perceptions pertinent to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing in the Arab world. It highlights essential themes about feedback in L2 writing in eight Arab countries, and offers a detailed critical analysis of feedback practices and perceptions in six of these: Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates. The book will appeal to an international readership of academics, researchers and practitioners interested in EFL writing in the Arab world.

English language --- Study and teaching --- Arabic speakers. --- Germanic languages --- Language and languages—Study and teaching. --- English language. --- Study skills. --- Bilingualism. --- Arabic language. --- Language Teaching. --- Language Education. --- English. --- Writing Skills. --- Arabic. --- Semitic languages --- Language and languages --- Languages in contact --- Multilingualism --- How to study --- Learning, Art of --- Method of study --- Study, Method of --- Study methods --- Life skills --- Germanic languages. --- Penmanship. --- Multilingualism. --- Oriental languages. --- Language Teaching and Learning. --- Germanic Languages. --- Oriental or Semitic Languages. --- Study and teaching. --- Languages, Oriental --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Writing --- Language arts --- Teutonic languages --- Indo-European languages --- Language and languages Study and teaching --- Language and education --- Language schools --- Foreign speakers.

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"Examines the technology of writing as it existed in ancient Israel. Utilizes the Hebrew Bible as its corpus and focuses on a set of Hebrew terms that designated writing surfaces and writing instruments"--

091:003.5 --- 003.5 --- 091.14 --- 091 =924 --- 091:003.5 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Schrijfmaterialen --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Schrijfmaterialen --- 091.14 Codicologie. Codices. Scriptoria --- Codicologie. Codices. Scriptoria --- 091 =924 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Hebreeuws --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Hebreeuws --- 003.5 Schrijfmaterialen --- Schrijfmaterialen --- Writing materials and instruments --- Hebrew language --- Writing --- History --- Writing. --- Scribes, Jewish --- Material culture --- Hebrew language, Biblical --- Writing materials and instruments. --- Office equipment and supplies --- Jewish language --- Jews --- Semitic languages, Northwest --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Sofer --- Soferim --- Sofrim --- Sopher --- Sopherim --- Sophrim --- Judaism --- History. --- Materials and instruments --- Languages --- Functionaries --- Israel. --- Palestine --- Dawlat Isrāʼīl --- Država Izrael --- Dzi︠a︡rz︠h︡ava Izrailʹ --- Gosudarstvo Izrailʹ --- I-se-lieh --- Israele --- Isrāʼīl --- Isŭrael --- Isuraeru --- Izrael --- Izrailʹ --- Medinat Israel --- Medinat Yiśraʼel --- Stát Izrael --- State of Israel --- Yiselie --- Yiśraʼel --- Ισραήλ --- Израиль --- Государство Израиль --- Дзяржава Ізраіль --- Ізраіль --- מדינת ישראל --- ישראל --- إسرائيل --- دولة إسرائيل --- イスラエル --- 以色列 --- Dzi͡arz͡hava Izrailʹ --- Middle East --- Ancient Hebrew Epigraphy. --- Ancient Israel. --- Ancient Writing Practices. --- Early Alphabet. --- Early Alphabetic Inscriptions. --- Egyptian Influence on Canaan/Israel. --- Hebrew Bible. --- Instruments of Writing. --- Lapidary/Stone Inscriptions. --- Literacy. --- Papyrus/Leather Scrolls. --- Scribal Schools. --- Scribalism. --- Scribes. --- Writing Materials. --- Writing Surfaces. --- Writing Technology. --- Writing Tools. --- Writing in Ink on Ostraca. --- Writing on Plaster.